The Medieval Mediterranean

Islamic and Norman Sicily (800–1200)

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Topic 6. Late Byzantine Sicily and the Muslim conquest

Source material

Al-Nuwayrī's account of the Euphemios revolt and Aghlabid invasion (.pdf file) Translation: Alex Metcalfe (2009). Limited access.

Introductory reading

Biographical details of al-Nuwayrī (.pdf file limited access) or read in The Encyclopedia of Islam ( EI3), (3rd edition), 13 vols, eds. H. A. R. Gibb et al. (Leiden, 2006)

R. Traini, G. Oman and V. Grassi, 'Siqillīya' in The Encyclopedia of Islam (EI3)

H. Kennedy, 'Sicily and al-Andalus under Muslim rule', New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3: c. 900–1024, ed. T. Reuter, (Cambridge, 1995–2005), 646–69.

F. Gabrieli, 'Greek and Arabs in the Central Mediterranean Area', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18 (1964), 57–65 (.pdf 1.1 mB). Limited access.

Histoire et culture dans l'Italie byzantine: Acquis et nouvelles recherches eds A. Jacob, J.-M. Martin, and G. Noye (Rome, École Française de Rome, 2006).

Discussion questions

Topic 7. Christians under Muslim rule in Sicily

Source material

The Letter of Theodosius (.pdf file, 78 kB) on the fall of Syracuse in 878.

The 'Cambridge Chronicle' (Ta'rīkh Jazīrat Siqilliyya) (.pdf 213 kB) trans. Alex Metcalfe.

Introductory reading

A. Metcalfe, The Muslims of Medieval Italy (Edinburgh, 2009), pp.11–43

Summary of the lives of Sicilian saints. .pdf file (restricted access).

Worksheet on settlement models in the Islamic period.

Discussion questions

Topic 8. Muslims on the Italian Mainland: the Amirate of Bari

Source material

Al-Balādhurī, The Origins of the Islamic State (Kitāb Futūh al-Buldān), trans. P. K. Hitti (reprinted 2002), 371–2 and 375 (.pdf file). Restricted access.

Discussion questions

Topic 9. Law and Learning in Muslim Sicily

Introductory reading

H. Kennedy, 'Sicily and al-Andalus under Muslim rule', The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3: c. 900–1024, ed. T. Reuter, (Cambridge, 1995–2005), 646–69.

W. Granara, 'Islamic Education and the Transmission of Knowledge in Muslim Sicily' in Law and Education in Medieval Islam, eds. J. E. Lowry, D. J. Stewart and S. M. Toorawa (Chippenham, 2004), 150–73.

Discussion questions

Topic 10. Rebellions in the Fatimid period

Ibn Qurhub's revolt; the Agrigento revolt of 937–41; the Banū l-Tabarī revolt of 947. See versions of al-Nuwayrī and the Cambridge Chronicle. Restricted access.

Introductory reading

Periodisation in tenth-century Sicily

Genealogy of the Kalbid amirs (.pdf file 116 kB)

Discussion questions

Topic 11. Taxation, land tenure, the army and administration

Source material

Extract from al-Dāwūdī's Kitāb al-Amwāl. .pdf file ( kB).

Al-Nuwayrī's account of reforms to provincial structures and taxation. PDF file. Limited access.

Introductory reading

Discussion questions

Topic 12. Ibn Hawqal in Sicily

Source material

Ibn Hawqal's account of Sicily and Palermo (.pdf file, 201 kB). Translation: Alex Metcalfe (2009). Limited access.

Description of Sicily in The Book of Curiosities .pdf extracted from http://cosmos.bodley.ox.ac.uk

Map of Palermo in the late Islamic period (.pdf file, )© Alex Metcalfe 2009

Introductory reading

J. Johns and E. Savage-Smith, 'The Book of Curiosities: A Newly Discovered Series of Maps', Imago Mundi 55 (2003), 7-24. Access on JSTOR via library catalogue).

Discussion questions

Topic 13. The Muslim Civil War c. 103060

Source material

Extracts from the Cairo Geniza translated in Shlomo Simonsohn, The Jews in Sicily. Volume 1: 383–1300 (Leiden, 1999), pp. 177, 2078, 216, 224, 258, 2978, 305, 319, 356, 359, 366, 3812, 384 and 3879.

Al-Nuwayri on the crises in the army and revolts of 1015, 1019 and 1034.

Introductory reading

Moshe Gil, 'Sicily 827–1072 in the light of the Geniza document and parallel sources' in Italia Judaica: Gli ebrei in Sicilia sino all'espulsione del 1492. Atti del V convegno internazionale, Palermo, 15–19 giugno 1992, (Palermo, 1995), pp. 96171.

Discussion questions

 

List of topic areas

1. Early history of the central Mediterranean

2. Sources for medieval Mediterranean history

3. Introduction to Mediterranean historiography

4. Geography of Sicily and the central Mediterranean

5. Arab-Muslim North Africa (647–827)

6. Late Byzantine Sicily and the Muslim conquest

7. Christians under Muslim rule

8. The Amirate of Bari

9. Law and learning in Muslim Sicily

10. Rebellions in the Fatimid period

11. Taxation, land tenure, the army and administration

12. Ibn Hawqal In Sicily

13. The Muslim Civil War (c.1030–60)

14. South Italy before the Normans

15. Al-Mujāhid's attack on Sardinia

16. The rise of the Normans in south Italy

17. The Hilalian ‘invasion' of Zirid Ifrīqiya

18. The Norman conquest of Sicily (1061–72)

19. The Norman conquest of Sicily and Malta (1072–91)

20. Muslim responses to the Norman conquest

21. Ecclesiastical lordships

22. The rise of new administrators

23. The early Norman administration of lands and men in Sicily

24. Rebellious lords and the incastellamento question

25. The regency of Adelaide

26. Christodoulos and George of Antioch

27. Roger II as Count of Sicily

28. Sicily and the Mediterranean (1118–28)

29. Formation of the new kingdom

30. Consolidation and development of the kingdom

31. Law, authority and kingship

32. Art and architecture of the royal palaces

33. The royal fiscal administration of lands and men

34. The trial of Philip of Mahdiyya

35. The Norman conquest of Africa

36. William I and Maio of Bari

37. The History of Hugo Falcandus

38. The Muslims and the ‘Lombards'

39. Stephen of Perche and the French contingents

40. Science, translation and patronage

41. The familiares regis

42. External relations and overseas diplomacy

43. The foundation of Monreale

44. Ibn Jubayr in Sicily

45. Abū l-Qāsim and the Muslims

46. The reign of Tancred

47. Markward and the 'amirate in the mountains'

48. The Norman legacy

49. Frederick II and the Staufen dynasty

50. The Sicilian Vespers

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